My Complete Notes for UPSC Civil Service Examination

Hi, My name is Sayooj P.R, I got Rank #1 in UPSC civil service examination 2020. This blog contain my entire notes, hope it helps you.



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Introduction to Music


Ancient Music Reference
  • The earliest treatise on music, dance and drama is BHARATMUNI'S NATYASHASTRA.
  • Nada(sound) is the very basis of creation 
  • the premitive sound OM is considered to that it has given a origin to other musical sound 
  • there are references to music in rigveda, yajurveda, brahmans, the upanishads
  • singing found an intrinsic part of all the sacrifices in the vedic period
  • the special priest UDGATAR used to sing humns of rigveda and all such hymns that were sung constitute SAMVEDA.(saman => music, veda => knowledge)
  • all later music is considered to have developed from SAMAN described in samaveda 
  • The grammar of music is called as GANDARVA VEDA which is subpart of SAMAVEDA (upaveda)
Basics of Indian Music
  • 3 important features: Swara, Rag, Thal
  • Swara:
    • in general sense => tone/pitch
    • the basic scale of indian music is HEPTATONIC. => 7 basic tones
    • Sa- Sadja,Re - Rishabha, Ga- Gandhara, Ma- Madhyama, Pa- Pancham, Dha- Dhavaitha, Ni- Nishada( Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sa, Li, To => western)
    • all the 7 combined is called as SARGAM.
    • the minutest of the sound which can be detected by human ear is called as SHRUTI (Shrooyate Iti)
    • Shruthi basic to swara
  • Raga
    • forms the basis of Melody.
    • it is a combination of tones or swar with which Illuminating graces of Raga are formed
    • in every Raga there are minimum 5 notes and maximum without repetition 7
    • 5 Swara : Odhava Raga
    • 6 Swara: Sadhava Raga
    • 7 Swara : Sampoorna Raga
  • Tala
    • are rhythemic cycle and it is arrangement of beat in a cyclical manner
    • the fundamental unit of Indian rhythemic structure are
      • Thisra (3 rythemic cycle)
      • 4: Chatusra
      • 5: Khanda
      • 6: Misra
      • 7: Sankirtana
Types of Indian Music
  • Classical music
    • Hindustani
    • Carnatic
  • Folk => republic day parade should be asked
  • Modern
  • other


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