Tips
- directed concentrated study
- "I don't fear a man who practice 10000 kick once, but I do fear a man who practice 1 kick 10000 times" - bruce lee
- 1 book + 1 news paper
- ask yourself "is this activity going to help me clear this exam" , if not then shut it out.
- if a question is hard it is hard for every one; so you must answer every easy questions; that is question already in standard book which every one have.
- learn rules of the game then play it : inter link topics and study
- eg: compare patel's task with bismark's.
- there is no time to think in exam hall
Objectives of Civil services Preparation
- cover the syllabus
- develop holistic understanding
- Not waste time by reading same thing from multiple sources
- answer writing practice
- holistic understanding about question + answer knowing + structure creation in mind.
- short paragraph + well connected in b/w.
Priority
- option paper
- here you need to study 2-3 books
- Essay
- Ethics
- GS 1 : more static part; hence easy to score
- GS 2/3: dynamic => main 365 will suffice.
MIH
- 2-3 questions in mains.
- repetition of prvs qns happens
- some questions linked with WH
Section
|
2013
|
2014
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
MIH
|
30
|
30
|
37.5
| ||
WH
|
40
|
30
|
25
| ||
PIH
|
50
|
Syllabus
- History of India and Indian National Movement (Prelims)
- Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present significant events, personalities, issues
- Freedom struggle- its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country.
Prvs Questions
- How different would have been the achievement of Indian Independence without Mahatma Gandhi
- what strategies gandhi adopted and it's impact. if it did not adopted what happens
- Strategies adopted
- unification people: less balkanisation after split
- non violence
- respect for civil liberties
- promotion of Khadi
- Dalit strengthening
- If gandhiji was not there
- violence, revolutionary, non-constitutional struggles
- Dalit seperate electorate as ambedkar attempted
- Note: legacy of violence
- in america still small arms used -> lot of accidents.
- violence will breed violence that can be seen through generation
- Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate
- Debates by Gandhi and other leaders.
- It would have been difficult for the constituent assembly to complete it's historic task of drafting the constitution for Independent India in just three years but for the experience gained with the government of India act, 1935. Discuss
- discuss: need multiple view point
- explain: only need to explain the given point.
- Have to write what aspects we adopted from GoI Act 1935 along with what we adopted, what was unique etc.
- The third battle of panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire shaking battles fought at panipat
- Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the british in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence
- in what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial apirations in India
- need to specify: How slowly and Steadily all the pillars of British India eroded
- What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India.
- In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India. Elaborate
- Elaborate, Examine, Elucidate=> same.
- Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggled for freedom.
- Analyse: break problem for smaller parts. (men, wemon, worker, student ) => different heads
- then organised answer
- study contributions of students, women, foreigners, workers, industrialists, lawyers ...etc.
- Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss
- Rani Gaidinlieu: 13-14 age + Anni besant, sarojini naidu
- different religions and sections
How slowly and Steadily all the pillars of British India eroded
- 1857: educated classes supported british + Sikh and Indian army was with british
- 1885: INC formation, educated class turning away from british => first nail
- till 1918: most sikhs supported British
- 1918: JWB: sikh mass entrance to INM.
- before 1930's : industrialists supported british
- after 1930's : Industrialist turned to side with INM
- before 1940's : Indian army remained loyal
- 1940's: Indian army also turned against british
- lastly Navy in 1946 also turned against it.
Books
- Use Spectrum & NCERT only;
- use other reference for only topic if can't understand a particular topic.
Syllabus Story
1453: fall of constantinople
- hence silk route closed -> trading difficult -> new route
Arrival of europeans
- P, dutch, dane, british , french
european fight among them selves
- British emerge victorious
British fight with princes
- you already fought with your brothers, now you need to fight outsiders also.
- alliance and annex
British become boss (british now become bully), now introduced (bully will soon start bullying) several changes
- const, land, police, CS, Society
- every action has equal and opposit reactions
1857 Mutiny
- culmination of all small mutinies before;
- british started to avoid social reforms and focus on what they want; profit.
- initially they were benevolent in nature hence focused on culture purification, education
Rise of National consensus
- feel of unity against common opposition
- groups and political organisation
INC formation
- more representation needed in political spheres => moderates
- show british rule is exploitative
- Economic critique: Drain of Wealth , Trade, Railway, Factories act
Rise of Extremists
- show that British rule can be challenged
- Partition of Bengal
- Criticism of PPP model (Prayer, Plea, Petition).
- 1905 : Swadeshi movement + 1907: Surat split
3 modes of strike evolved then (happens after dissipation of mass movements)
- Moderates: conservative+ legislative and constitutional measures
- Extremist: boycotting + swadeshi promotion like khadi
- Revolutionary freedom fighters
- 1908-1915: first phase of revolutionay activity
- ghadar 1913
- Komagatamaru (Japanese ship) incident 1914: racial discrimination + sikhs felt humiliated as they been loyal supporters to british still they are discriminated
1916-18: Home rule movement
- return of Tilak
- 1919 Montford reforms : the HRL dissipate.
- note: roforms are done by british to dissipate mass movement; for eg: Morely Minto reform to dissipate Swadeshi movent
Ghandhi Phase: 1915 onwards
- 1891-1915: South African phase
- after return why not join HRL
- because Gandhi supported british then 1914-19 (WW 1) => "doesn't take advantage when enemy is weak"
- difference b/w Gandhi and other leaders at the time of Gandhi's arrival
- Gandhi was an achiever and got success in all ventures in south african life
- Indian leaders are failed ones, like failed in swadeshi etc
- Small Victory time
- 1917: Champaran
- 1918: ahmedabad, Kheda
- Non- Cooperation Movement 1920
- Khilafat Issue 1920
- 1921: Chauri Chaura incident: gandhiji withdrawn it
Swaraj Party Formation
- Gandhi prevented surat split like situation
- 1923-26: Congress Khilafat Swarjist Part work as an organ of INC in legislature
- in 26 Gandhi resigned from congress and let the mass have sufficient time for regrouping
1924-1931: 2nd phase of Revolutionary activity
- HRA 1924: Ram Prasad Bismill, Ashfaqullah Khan, CS Azad.
- 1925 Kakauri train incident: All of them caught except Azad (as his name)
- Punjab Bharat Noujawan Sabha 1926 : Bhagat singh, Raj guru, Sukhdev
- HSRA : 1928 (CS Azad + PBNS leaders )
- adopted non-violent methods of struggle
- but unfortunate event of death of LLR -> to avenge killed saunders and throne bomb in LA in 1929
- Surya sen gang in Bengal 1930's activities
- PBNS leaders + Suryasen hanged in 1931
- Why gandhi not demanded : has the british ever accepted gandhi's demand
- Similarity b/w first and second phase of revolutionary activity + differences b/w first and second phase of revolutionary activity => NB
Simon commission 1928
- all white commission
- Nehru report 1928 + timeline to adopt until Dec 1929
- regrouping of Gandhi as NR not accepted + given 11 point agenda, as it also not accepted launching of Civil Disobedience Movement
CDM: 1930
- 1st RTC : 1930
- to buy people some more time Gandhi attended 2nd RTC 1931.
- communal awards: separate electorate
- Poona Pact 1932: Gandhi proposed Special reservation + Joint electorate
- CDM withdrawn in 1934
GoI Act 1935
- Elections held 1937: Congress sweep seats -> provincial congress rule for 28 months till 1939
WW II (1939-1945)
- viceroy : unilaterally announce India's participation -> Congress ministry Resignation in Protest in 1939
- Gandhi again: supported British as they are weak
- Japan cannot be liberator of India & as Fascism cannot be liberator of India,
- but we should show british that we are not weak: launched Individual satyagrah in 1940
- but gandhi began to fail in every effort afterwards, Quit India failed, violence erupted , Partition can't be stopped
- but Gandhiji was a true leader as he always accepted responsibility of all the failures. (not the blame but the responsibility)
- several socialist: attack now as it will weaken further and victory
- Nehru: it is only a colonial war+ maintain status quo: not support & not oppose
- 1940 Karachi Resolution => Creation of pakistan
- British Negotiation (Indian Response => after CDM it was always complete Independence, nothing less.+ Hence all of them got rejected+ none of them supported creation of Pakistan)
- August Declaration : 1940
- Cripps Mission : 1942
- failure resulted in Quit India Movement 1942 (violent, short lived, unsuccessful)
- Wavell Plan 1945 (Shimla Resolution)
- Cabinet Mission 1945
3rd Phase of Revolutionary Activity: 1940-45
- formation of INA
- capturing of soldiers & death of Netaji in 1945
1946-47
- naval mutiny + mountbatten + partition + independence
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