Post Mauryan Architecture

Post Mauryan Architecture.=> Kushana, Shaka, Indo-Greeks, Huna, Sunga, Kanwa, Satavahana => 2nd wave of central asians to India. => They are ka. Rajputs.(Kshatriya were Vedic people...so Rajputs are not originally kshatriya)

Caves

• classification Based on Structure
• Apsidal vault cave with pillar

• Eg: Ajanta, Bhaja cave (Maharashtra)
• Apsidal vault cave without pillar

• Eg: Thana Nadsur (Maharashtra)
• quadrangular hall  cave
• most difficult make
• Eg: Kondivite (Maharashtra)
• classification Based on Purpose
• Chaityas
• Prayer hall
• Viharas
• Residence for monks

Stupas

• The original brick stupas built during asoka period where first enclosed by wooden fence and then it was replaced by STONE BALUSTRADE.
• Boundary walls are sculpted with beautiful sculpture.
• In this period people started to worship the human form of Buddha Ka. Manushi Buddha.  
• in post mauryan period cone more Prathakshinapath Added to existing Sanchi stupa( which made by asoka. buddha never visited, wife of asoka born there )

Sculpture

• This period was apex of sculpture making. 3 schools of Sculpture developed during the period

Basis	Gandhar	Mathura	Amaravathi (Vengi)
Influence	Greeko-Roman aka. Hellinistic	Indegenous	Indiginous
Material	Grey sandstone	Red Sandstone	White Marble
Religious Influence	Mainly Buddhist	Hindu, Jain, Buddha	Mainly Buddhist.
Rulers	Kushanas	Kushanas	Satavahan & Ikhshavaku.
Areas	NWFP	Western UP+ some parts of Rajasthan	Krishna Godavari lower valley
Feature	Sad Buddha => wavy hair, beards, Moustaches, Torn clothes, meditating, half eye closed, large forehead and large earlobe(taken from greeko roman scupture), body muscles are visible. Protuberance/halo.	Pleasant buddha=> Combed hair, face shaven, full clothes and ornaments, round figures. Protuberance/halo Vishnu was represented with Ayat and ayudhs. Shiva was Represented in Linga form. Jaina Sculpture were just like buddha sculpture	Panels were carved with jataka themes and also various life events of buddha.  Most of panels in amaravathi were shown with 3 bends of the body ka. THRIBANGA. (Neck, torso, Ank)

Note

• Mathura and Gandhar was under kanishka. but both had different styles => due to people settled => most indo greek in Gandhar, and most Indians in Mathura => Kanishka also had cultural settlement so left those in mathura untouched
• Gandhar was cross road of culture
• Gandhar => Gray sandstone was plenty and easily available and they also used in Hellinistic sculpture
• White Marble maximum produced in Telangana(#2 Rajasthan).
• River Gundalakamma in AP, recent Buddha structure got of amaravathi style.